Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

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KEY DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2025

Suspension of Activities of Private Sector Employment Agencies

On 5 November 2024, the Ministerial Order No. 007CAB/MIN.ET/EAN/JPK/FL/2024 was signed and immediately came into effect to target the misuse of national manpower by private-sector employment agencies through precarious working conditions, including the absence of employment contracts, irregular hours and non-payment of overtime. The order prohibits the private-sector employment agencies from continuing to manage the staff they have recruited and placed in user companies, for positions related to the corporate purpose of these user companies. The order did not indicate the time limit for the suspension of the activities of private placement services and so it will continue to have effect until another order terminating the suspension measure is passed.

Following this prohibition, the order requires user companies to immediately sign employment contracts with the workers they use. A standing committee will be set up shortly to monitor the implementation of the commitments made by private-sector employment agencies (the order does not set a precise deadline for the establishment of the standing committee). Therefore, employers should review any existing worker engagements facilitated through a private sector employment agency and ensure that all employment conditions and practices are compliant with the law and documented in an employment contract signed by both employer and employee.

Increase in the Daily Transport Allowance

On 4 November 2024, the Minister of Employment and Labor signed Circular Note No. 006, which increased the maximum number of trips for which a worker can be paid a transport allowance from four to six(the Circular Note) and implemented Finance Law No. 22/071 of 28 December 2023 (the 2024 Finance Law). The 2024 finance law obliges employers to increase the daily transport allowance to employees to cover the cost of the ticket charged locally, with a maximum of six taxi rides for employees in the executive category and six bus rides for other categories of employees. The purpose of the circular note is to strengthen the obligation on employers in the DRC to ensure transport for workers.

Occupational Health and Safety Measures

On 1 March 2024, the Minister of Employment and Labour signed Circular Note No. 22 to implement Ministerial Order 002, aiming to bring to the attention of employers in the DRC, especially those in the mining sector, that Katanga Global Investment (KGI) has been approved to provide technical support to the general labour inspectorate in the accomplishment of its missions. KGI will collaborate with the general labour inspectorate to improve monitoring of the application of health and safety regulations in the workplace, including with the issue of fitness to work certificates, pre-employment, periodic or annual medical examinations and the assessment of occupational risks in the workplace. All employers in the DRC must carry out awareness-raising activities and strictly observe measures relating to health and safety at work. Employers should continue to ensure that they adhere to all health and safety legislation, including having all essential policies and procedures in place.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2024

Remuneration of Female Employees During Maternity Leave

A legislative proposal was submitted in 2023 to amend and supplement the Congolese Labour Code. The purpose of this legislative proposal is to amend Article 130-2 of the Labour Code, which entitles female employees to suspend their contract for 14 consecutive weeks and receive two-thirds of their remuneration during their maternity leave. As a result of the amendment, female employees will now be entitled to their full remuneration during maternity leave.

Strike Legislation

A legislative proposal for a law determining the fundamental principles relating to the right to strike was submitted to clarify the legal framework for strikes. If adopted, the proposed law will introduce three main innovations: (i) affirmation of the limited nature of strikes; (ii) prohibition of any sanction against the striking worker after the end of the strike; and (iii) clarification of the prerequisites for a strike, including conciliation, advance notice and other elements.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS FOR 2023

Health Care Benefits

The working conditions of workers in subcontracting companies are often dire. The workers receive limited or no health care benefits and often work excessive hours.

In a recent ruling (21 October 2021), a Congolese court (Kolwezi court) ordered a subcontracting company (Panda International Congo Engineering) to pay the full amount of unpaid health costs and wages to its employee, a mechanic injured in the Kisanfu mine owned by the principal mining company (China Molybdenum).

The decision sets an important precedent for workers' rights in the DRC, allowing subcontracted workers who are injured in the workplace to claim full payment of their health care benefits without fear of dismissal by the employer.

Subcontracting/Employment Contract

Due to the significant number of private companies using the services of subcontracting companies’ employees on a full-time or part-time basis without an employment contract, the Minister of Labour (in a ministerial circular made public on 26 August 2021) prohibited subcontracting companies from continuing to manage the staff/employees they have recruited and placed in these “user” companies.

The Minister of Labour urged these “user” companies to proceed immediately to sign employment contracts with the employees (of the subcontracting companies) they use.

This ministerial circular has set more stability for the work force employed by subcontracting companies and regularly placed in “user” companies.

Child Labour in the Mining Sector

With the significant increase in mining production, particularly of cobalt and copper, there is a greater focus by local authorities on working conditions in the mines, particularly the child labour.

One reason for this increased attention is the demands of consumer countries, particularly in the West, to be supplied with legally produced ores and in compliance with traceability rules, the ban on child labour and all ESG standards.

In that regard, the Minister of Mines recently issued a ministerial circular (Ministerial Circular N0. 0007/CAB.MIN/MINES/01/2017) with the aim of reminding and underlying the relevant provisions of the Constitution, the Mining Code and the Labour Code of the DRC, as well as the relevant provisions of the international standards and regulations formally prohibiting child labour in all economic sectors, including the artisanal mining sector.